Popular UTI Drug Phenazopyridine Flagged for Possible Cancer Risk

UTI Drug Used for Symptom Relief Flagged Over Cancer Risk

By DTD- On May 29, 2025

ISLAMABAD: A widely used over-the-counter drug for urinary tract infection (UTI) relief, phenazopyridine—sold under brand names such as Pyridium and Safrel—has come under scrutiny for its potential link to cancer.

Phenazopyridine, commonly available in pharmacies and some supermarkets, is used by millions worldwide to ease UTI symptoms like burning, irritation, and discomfort. However, growing concerns are mounting after the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found evidence in 2021 that the drug may be carcinogenic.

In a study involving rodents, dietary exposure to phenazopyridine led to the development of both benign and malignant tumours. Female mice developed liver tumours, while bowel tumours were seen in both sexes. While these results do not directly translate to humans, the NIH has classified phenazopyridine as “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.”

Despite its long-standing use, some experts are advising caution. “There is no need for this drug,” said Rita Jew, president of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, speaking to Bloomberg. Jew warned against using phenazopyridine, citing the availability of safer alternatives.

The drug, available in lower doses without a prescription in the UK and U.S., also carries a risk of side effects ranging from dizziness and headache to more serious reactions such as seizures and breathing difficulties, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Phenazopyridine is often used by patients awaiting results of urine tests, including those with chronic UTIs—a condition that affects an estimated 1.7 million women in the UK alone. UTIs are commonly treated with antibiotics, but some physicians also recommend symptom-relief medications like phenazopyridine in the interim.

Dr. Steven Goldstein, a New York-based gynecologist, admitted he was unaware of the drug’s potential cancer risk but has frequently recommended it to his patients for short-term relief.

As concerns grow, health professionals suggest exploring safer alternatives, such as remedies containing methenamine and sodium salicylate, and emphasize early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment for UTIs.