(By: Abdul Basit Alvi)
By fostering transparency and encouraging evidence-based discourse, civil society can help immunize communities against the spread of misinformation. Ultimately, countering false propaganda requires a collective effort involving individuals, institutions, and governments. By staying vigilant, questioning sources, and demanding evidence, we can curb the spread of misinformation and preserve the integrity of public discourse. In an era where truth is increasingly besieged, prioritizing evidence-based information is crucial for navigating the digital landscape rife with falsehoods. In the context of AJK and IIOJK, it’s crucial to rely on facts rather than falling prey to false propaganda and misinformation.
The history of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is deeply intertwined with the struggle for self-determination and freedom. AJK occupies a significant place in South Asian history, bearing witness to the resilience and determination of its inhabitants in the face of adversity. Initially part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, the region became embroiled in a territorial dispute following the partition of British India in 1947. As India and Pakistan emerged as independent nations, Jammu and Kashmir’s fate remained uncertain.
The liberation movement in AJK was initiated by Kashmiris themselves. In October 1947, tribal militias supported by Pakistan’s military crossed into Kashmir, igniting a fervent struggle for independence. The people of AJK, inspired by the quest for freedom, joined hands with their counterparts across the Line of Control (LoC) to repel the invaders and secure their autonomy. However, this liberation came at a great cost. Despite facing formidable challenges posed by rugged terrain and harsh conditions, the freedom fighters displayed unwavering resolve, showcasing acts of courage and sacrifice as they defended their homeland against external aggression.
In 1949, after a ceasefire agreement brokered by the United Nations between India and Pakistan, AJK emerged as a self-governing entity under Pakistani administration. Nevertheless, the struggle for the liberation of Kashmir continues, with a significant portion of the region under illegal occupation by India. Over the years, the people of Kashmir have persistently asserted their right to self-determination, expressing their aspirations through democratic channels and peaceful protests. Despite encountering challenges and setbacks, their resolve remained unwavering, driven by their inherent belief in the right to freedom and sovereignty.
The liberation of AJK stands as a testament to the unyielding spirit of its populace and the effectiveness of collective action in the pursuit of justice. It serves as a source of inspiration for oppressed communities globally, demonstrating that even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles, the flame of freedom cannot be extinguished.
Today, AJK stands as a symbol of resilience and determination, serving as a poignant reminder of the ongoing struggle for Kashmiri self-determination. The quest for freedom endures as Kashmiris endeavor to fulfill their aspirations for a future marked by peace, prosperity, and dignity.
Certain factions allege that Pakistan has deliberately kept AJK underdeveloped compared to the rest of the country, but such claims are baseless propaganda. Pakistan’s treatment of AJK has consistently been noteworthy, evident across various sectors where AJK exhibits higher growth rates compared to other regions of Pakistan. For instance, AJK boasts the best road density at 0.66 km/km2, surpassing IIOJK’s 0.52 km/km2 and the mainland average of 0.32 km/km2. Additionally, AJK maintains a superior literacy rate of 76.8%, outperforming IIOJK’s 67% and Pakistan’s 62.3%, indicative of both the urgency and allocation of resources towards education.
Moreover, AJK benefits from significant support in higher education, with 125 seats reserved across 22 universities and 36 reserve seats in medical colleges of Punjab designated for AJK students. The Punjab government further allocates Rs 750 million to the Kashmir Education Endowment Fund (KEEF), facilitating educational endeavors in AJK.
In terms of electricity production, AJK plays a significant role, contributing 28.5% of hydel power to the national grid and boasting the lowest electricity prices even before proposed reductions. Notably, AJK’s wheat prices are substantially lower compared to other regions, further contributing to its economic advantage.
Employment opportunities are also notable in AJK, with 30% of its population employed in government jobs, with 25% in the Government of AJK and 3% in the Army or Combined Armed Forces. Despite these achievements, challenges persist, such as a shortage of staff due to Kashmiri graduates not returning from the mainland.
Furthermore, AJK’s healthcare system benefits from a favorable doctor-patient ratio of 1:2315, supported by military facilities. However, recent funding challenges, particularly after the 18th amendment, have posed significant obstacles, with the Federal Higher Education Commission (HEC) absolving itself from funding AJK universities due to budget cuts. Consequently, the Government of AJK faces difficulties in even meeting basic financial obligations, such as paying salaries, highlighting the need for continued support and collaboration to sustain the progress made in AJK. The funding issue for AJK universities has been effectively addressed by the Government of Pakistan. Additionally, efforts are underway to establish an expressway connecting Mansehra with Muzaffarabad. Moreover, the concept of Kashmiriyat is integrated into the curriculum of all Army Public Schools in AJK.
However, the implementation of labor laws, particularly regarding minimum wages, remains a concern in AJK. Steps are being taken to ensure that wages in Army Public Schools in AJK adhere to the minimum wage policy.
Given that many villagers in AJK rely on trees for cooking fuel, there are no restrictions on collecting firewood from rivers and streams, although tree cutting is prohibited.
Pakistan and the Pakistan Army are prioritizing the expansion of educational facilities in AJK. A feasibility study has recently been conducted for establishing an Army Public School in Haji Pir.These facts and figures clearly demonstrate the comparatively better living conditions enjoyed by the residents of AJK compared to those in the rest of Pakistan and IIOJK. Pakistan prioritizes addressing the issues of AJK and endeavors to resolve them promptly.
Within Pakistan’s intricate governance and administration structure, AJK occupies a distinct position. The relationship between AJK and Pakistan is characterized by a blend of autonomy, collaboration, and shared goals. Pakistan’s engagement with AJK transcends rhetoric, reflecting a genuine dedication to the region’s welfare and advancement.
A cornerstone of Pakistan’s approach to AJK is the provision of constitutional autonomy. Enacted through the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Interim Constitution Act of 1974, this legislation grants AJK significant legislative and administrative authority, enabling autonomous governance within Pakistan’s constitutional framework. This autonomy empowers AJK’s residents to shape their own future and pursue progress and prosperity.
Moreover, Pakistan’s commitment to AJK’s development is evidenced by substantial investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social welfare initiatives. Recent years have witnessed notable advancements in road networks, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, contributing to the overall well-being of AJK’s populace. Programs like the Prime Minister’s AJK Development Package further underscore Pakistan’s dedication to fostering growth and progress in the region.
Politically, AJK residents have representation in Pakistan’s national affairs through elected representatives in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. These representatives actively engage in Pakistan’s parliamentary processes, ensuring that AJK’s interests and concerns are heard and addressed at the highest levels of government. This integration into Pakistan’s democratic framework highlights the inclusive nature of Pakistan‘s governance model.
Furthermore, Pakistan’s engagement with AJK extends beyond administrative measures, encompassing a deep sense of solidarity and fraternity. Cultural exchanges, economic collaboration, and humanitarian aid strengthen the bonds between AJK and Pakistan. Pakistan’s stea
dfast support for Kashmiri self-determination underscores its unwavering commitment to AJK’s aspirations.
However, it is crucial to acknowledge that challenges persist, and continuous efforts are required to enhance governance, promote accountability, and address socio-economic disparities in AJK. Ongoing initiatives to improve governance and socio-economic conditions must remain top priorities. Nevertheless, Pakistan’s treatment of AJK reflects a trajectory marked by progress, partnership, and mutual respect.
In contrast, the situation in IIOJK stands in stark contrast to the positive developments observed in AJK. For decades, the picturesque landscapes of IIOJK, adorned with snow-capped peaks and lush valleys, have been overshadowed by a dark reality—the reality of human rights violations and atrocities perpetrated by India’s security forces. While global attention often focuses on the geopolitics of the region, it is imperative to illuminate the harsh realities faced by the people of IIOJK under the rule of the Indian Army.
Among the most egregious violations in IIOJK is the widespread occurrence of extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances. Thousands of Kashmiri civilians have lost their lives or vanished under mysterious circumstances, often at the hands of Indian security forces. These killings, purportedly conducted in the name of counterinsurgency operations, have left families shattered and communities traumatized, with justice remaining elusive and accountability scarce.
Arbitrary arrests and detentions are a common occurrence in IIOJK, where draconian laws like the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grant extensive powers to Indian security forces. Countless Kashmiri civilians, including minors, have been detained without trial or due process, frequently subjected to torture, harassment, and psychological trauma. The pervasive culture of impunity within the security apparatus perpetuates these abuses, fostering a cycle of fear and oppression. The freedom to express oneself and gather peacefully faces severe restrictions in IIOJK, where any disagreement with Indian governance results in harsh consequences. Journalists, activists, and dissenting voices are consistently targeted, with media outlets and internet access tightly controlled to manage information dissemination. Peaceful demonstrations are met with disproportionate force, including tear gas and pellet guns, resulting in injuries, disabilities, and loss of life. The use of pellet guns by Indian security forces has become emblematic of the harsh suppression of dissent in IIOJK, inflicting serious harm such as blindness and permanent disability, particularly among young Kashmiri protesters. Despite international outcry and calls for their prohibition, pellet guns continue to be used indiscriminately, causing devastation and hopelessness. One of the most troubling aspects of the atrocities in IIOJK is the prevailing culture of impunity that shields perpetrators from accountability. Legal frameworks like the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grant blanket immunity to Indian security forces, allowing them to act with impunity. The absence of impartial investigations, prosecutions, and avenues for redress exacerbates the suffering of victims and their families, perpetuating a cycle of injustice and impunity.
From a strategic standpoint, the integration of Kashmir with Pakistan carries significant benefits for regional stability and security. By aligning defense capabilities and security protocols, Pakistan could bolster deterrence against external threats and ensure the protection of Kashmir’s territorial integrity. Additionally, unified governance structures could streamline administrative procedures, enhance law enforcement efforts, and fortify border security, reducing the risk of cross-border incursions and insurgency. Moreover, strategic collaboration between Pakistan and Kashmir could facilitate regional connectivity initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), opening up new trade routes and promoting economic integration throughout South Asia. By promoting peace, stability, and cooperation, a unified Kashmir could emerge as a linchpin for regional development and prosperity.
The situation in AJK stands in stark contrast to that in IIOJK and other regions of Pakistan, reflecting the deep-seated affection and mutual respect between Pakistan and Kashmir. For many Kashmiris, the most viable and desirable option is to live alongside Pakistan rather than under Indian rule or as an independent entity. The majority of Kashmiris recognize this reality, yearning for the right to self-determination, seeking liberation from Indian control, and expressing a desire to unite with Pakistan.
