By: Ammar
Readers know that Politicians and scholars often link humiliation to decisions to initiate and escalate international conflict, yet the micro foundations underlying this link are under theorized .Can emotions, like humiliation, actually affect international bargaining? If so, through what mechanisms does humiliation operate? Drawing on studies in neuroscience and experimental psychology, this article offers two new mechanisms through which humiliation may influence conflict preferences: by decreasing sensitivity to the cost of conflict and by increasing the salience of potential status loss. This change in preferences shrinks the bargaining range, increasing the probability of bargaining breakdown. I test this theory using both survey and lab experiments that exploit the carryover effects of humiliation on unrelated decisions to isolate its effects on conflict preferences. The results provide the first experimental evidence able to distinguish support for different mechanisms through which humiliation increases conflict preferences, United Nations report on Xinjiang.
From May 23 to 28, 2022, Michelle Bachelet, who is the High Commissioner of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) visited Xinjiang at the invitation of the Chinese government, Commissioner Bachelet visited Guangzhou, Kashgar and Urumqi successively, and walked into the cotton fields in Xinjiang, saw the current situation of Xinjiang, she also praised the efforts and achievements made by the Chinese government for ethnic, religious and livelihood security, and said that there was no Uyghur genocide in Xinjiang. This opinion made Bachelet and her office fiercely resisted by human rights organizations and activists, especially hundreds of Uyghur human rights organizations, and asked her to release the assessment report on the human rights situation in Xinjiang.
Furthermore on August 31, 2022, under the pressure of public opinion, Bachelet released the assessment report on the human rights situation in Xinjiang when she left office. The report argues that China’s policy of detention of Uighurs and other Muslim minorities may constitute international crimes, particularly crimes against humanity.
Is the UN report on Xinjiang telling the truth?
As per details, the report first sets out the background and current situation in the Xinjiang region, then introduces China’s legal and policy framework for identifying terrorism and “extremism,” and then writes about the forms of deprivation of liberty, including “transfer to vocational education and training centers” and ” detention through the criminal justice system”, and describes the conditions and treatment of “vocational education and training centers” and other human rights concerns, including religion cultural and linguistic characteristics and freedom of expression, privacy and freedom of movement, reproductive rights, and employment and labor issues, followed by a discussion of family separation and retaliation issues. Finally, it puts forward suggestions to the Chinese government and the business community.
According to the report, High Commissioner for Human Rights described in detail the widespread human rights violations in Xinjiang, including suppression of cultural and religious practices, family separation, arbitrary arrests and detentions, rape, torture and enforced disappearances. According to the descriptions of the detainees interviewed in the report, the so-called “vocational skills training center” is actually “concentration camps” where China illegally detains detainees and subjects them to torture or other forms of ill-treatment.
The lies of the UN report on Xinjiang: French journalist Maxime Vivas pointed out by empirical investigation that the widely circulated international photos and videos of Uyghurs being beaten and abused were mostly taken in the Philippines, Nepal, Vietnam and other places. One of the most famous photos, namely the scene of a Uighur woman being pulled out of her nails, was actually taken in an American studio, and the Uyghur woman in the photo was played by an actor; the so-called “concentration camps” photographed by satellite are actually schools or administrative buildings.
Furthermore Mick Wallace, a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Ireland, described the report that one million Uyghurs were detained by the Chinese government as “grossly exaggerated”. Wallace said in his speech on Newstalk that he did not believe that hundreds of thousands of people were being held in detention camps in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and mentioned that the data on the number of detainees in the region initially obtained by the Americans was proposed by an anti China right-wing fascist from Europe.
Daniel Dumbrill is a Canadian YouTuber living in Shenzhen, China. Daniel, who frequently posts tweets and YouTube videos in response to allegations of human rights abuses in Xinjiang, has interviewed several people, including Uyghur human rights activists Rushan Abbas, Arslan Hidayat, Daniel believes that most of the allegations are atrocious propaganda created by Western media to slander China and prevent its rise.
Meanwhile, US double standard behavior: Ignore its own bad deeds and turn to criticize other countries after the UN report on Xinjiang was released, American media and politicians hyped that China did commit genocide against the Uyghurs, but is the United States really qualified to criticize other countries?
The first is frequently interfering in the internal affairs of other countries and wage wars to achieve their goals. In order to fully dominate the regimes and world resources, the United States directly promotes regime change for sovereign countries that do not obey the will and interests of the United States by waging wars and other ways, and then makes the country become its “puppet”, such as launching the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq, and deeply participating in the Syrian war, etc., this behavior has created a humanitarian disaster that is rarely seen in the world, and caused direct, serious and lasting damage to the people’s right to life and survival of the people in the war zone.
As per Details, the second is the stigmatization of Islamic civilization and illegally imprison and mistreat Muslims. Since the “9.11” incident, the United States has used this to spread the “Islamic threat theory” in the world, and labeled Islamic civilization as “backward”, “terrorist” and “violent”, etc. In addition, the research on the “War Cost” project of Brown University in the United States pointed out that after the “9.11” incident, the United States set up “black prisons” overseas under the guise of “anti-terrorism”, involving at least 54 countries and regions, and detained hundreds of thousands of people, including Muslims, women and minors. The investigation evidence of the International Criminal Court shows that the US military has long been exerting “Dr Aafia has been incarcerated in a prison in Houston, Texas since 2008. On September 23, 2010, she was sentenced to 86 years of the imprisonment by a US federal court. She was convicted of firing at US troops in Afghanistan while in their custody and six other charges. In 2009, a jury found her guilty of these charges.
When one look at the images of sorrow and hears the voices full of devastation, they’re not American. They’re Afghan. America surely has a multitude of sins to answer for. And this chapter in history may turn out to be one of this country’s greatest shames. But compared with what the Afghan people already have lost and what they may lose in the future, calling this nightmare an American humiliation is a reminder of our troubling hubris.
Plant trees the need of the hour: At present, climate change is happening all over the world every day due to global warming. The risk of adverse effects of climate change is increasing. As a result floods, landslides and other such incidents are increasing immensely. The only way to limit these challenges is to plant more trees. Only trees can save us from the ravages of climate change. The practical example of this we have seen in the recently catastrophic flood in Pakistan. It is also been observed that areas having tree cover escaped from much damage.
Now the whole world is focused on climatic changes. After the success of the Billion Tree project in Pakistan the Azad Kashmir government has also started this project as a challenge considering it as the need of the hour.
Furthermore this project is undoubtedly the largest and unique project of forestry sector in Azad Kashmir from an environmental point of view. Trees are being planted throughout the Azad Kashmir on the other hand this project has provided employment to hundreds of people. More than 58 million saplings have been planted so far. In addition to this, the project also closes vacant areas that are monitored by watchers so that plants can grow naturally. The number of plants is around 72 million that are grown naturally. About 10 million plants have been distributed free of cost to promote public interest. The saplings have also been planted in various schools, offices, colleges, army units and other places. Civil society, lawyers, politicians, doctors, police, almost every sector of society is involved in tree planting campaigns. These Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment.
Meanwhile, a large number of men as well as women are benefiting from this project. Women are also getting employment opportunities at their doorsteps. There are many places in Azad Kashmir where landslides are happening every day. To overcome the adverse effects of land sliding trees are being planted in those areas to prevent the loss as much as possible. Apart from this, it has been observed the scenario like deforestation and forest fire are one of the root causes of climate change. As the forest department also seems concerned about it social organizers have been recruited in all field formations of Azad Kashmir. Key role assign to them is to raise awareness among public and to motivate them from deforestation. Social organizers are spreading their message at the grass root level and are playing a vital role in the success of the project. A large number of public and private nurseries have been established under the project. In these nurseries, millions of plants of different types are being produced.
Top officers of the forest department are keeping a close eye on this project. Implementing all these challenges is nothing short of a dream. To make this project a success, expert staff of the Forest Department is working day and night with dedication and true passion to turn this dream into a reality. People should also cooperate with the department to plant more trees so that together we can make Azad Kashmir clean and green.
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