Hidden Chemicals in Food Packaging Pose Growing Health Risks

ISLAMABAD: Food packaging plays a vital role in preserving and transporting food, but growing scientific evidence suggests that many packaging materials contain hidden chemicals that pose risks to human health. Common substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in plastics, food wraps, and can linings, and can migrate into food—particularly when containers are heated or used for hot, oily, or acidic foods.

Long-term exposure to these chemicals has been linked to hormonal imbalances, reduced fertility, developmental issues in children, obesity, diabetes, and certain cancers. BPA and phthalates are known endocrine disruptors, while PFAS—often referred to as “forever chemicals”—can accumulate in the body and negatively affect the immune system, liver, and thyroid. Studies have detected traces of these substances in human blood and breast milk, highlighting widespread exposure, especially among mothers and children.

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The risk is higher in developing countries such as Pakistan due to weak regulation, low public awareness, and the widespread use of low-quality plastics, including serving hot food in plastic bags or foam containers. Additionally, plastic waste degrades into microplastics that enter the food chain through fish and livestock, further linking environmental pollution to human health risks.

Experts stress that reducing exposure requires both individual action and stronger policies. Using glass or steel containers, avoiding heating food in plastic, and limiting packaged food consumption can help lower risks. At the same time, stricter food safety regulations and public awareness campaigns are essential. While food packaging is designed to protect food, the invisible chemicals it contains may be silently threatening public health, making the issue a growing concern worldwide.