“Learning from China: A Roadmap to Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan” (Final Part)

Continuing the development process to alleviate poverty in Pakistan, a clear, actionable roadmap with well-defined strategies and strong commitment is essential. China’s approach to poverty reduction was comprehensive and focused on long-term sustainability. Beyond relocating people from impoverished areas, China improved living standards by investing in high-quality infrastructure, creating healthier environments and ensuring access to quality education and skill development programs.

Infrastructure development is known as a cornerstone of China’s poverty alleviation strategy, with significant investments in roads, bridges, railways, and communication networks in rural areas. This efficient transportation network enhanced livelihoods by connecting remote communities to economic opportunities. Furthermore, essential services like electrification, clean water projects and advanced communication networks enabled rural populations to engage in e-commerce through platforms like “Taobao Villages,” allowing farmers to sell directly to consumers, bypassing middlemen, and maximizing profits.

China’s transition from an agrarian economy to an industrial powerhouse created millions of jobs, particularly for low-skilled rural workers. The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in regions like Shenzhen and Guangdong attracted foreign investment, turning these areas into manufacturing hubs and providing employment opportunities for rural migrants. To curb mass migration to cities, industries were set up in rural areas, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in textiles, food processing and handicrafts. The government’s initial goal was to employ at least one person per relocated family, but the success exceeded expectations, with an average of 2.09 individuals employed per household. By developing key industries such as photovoltaic energy, agriculture and land shareholding, China significantly boosted economic growth and improved livelihoods. As a result, per capita income rose from RMB 4,221 in 2016 to RMB 10,493 in 2020, with an impressive annual growth rate of 25.6%.

By producing a diverse range of high-quality and specialized products, China captured the world market, establishing itself as a dominant economic force on the global stage. This industrialization not only revolutionized the country’s economic landscape but also cemented its position as a leader in international trade.

Learning for Pakistan:-

Pakistan can learn valuable lessons from China’s successful poverty alleviation strategies and tailor them to its own needs with support from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and other Chinese initiatives. Prioritizing infrastructure development, Pakistan can expand road, rail, and air connectivity, especially in remote and rural regions such as Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and rural Sindh. Pakistan can invest in renewable energy projects, including solar and wind power, to provide affordable electricity for industries and irrigation systems while also ensuring access to clean water through targeted infrastructure projects. Strengthening digital infrastructure is equally crucial, with a focus on developing e-commerce platforms inspired by China’s “Taobao Villages.” This would empower rural entrepreneurs to sell their products online directly to consumers, eliminating middlemen and maximizing profits.

It is encouraging news for Pakistan that the government is prioritizing the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in underdeveloped areas such as Pashkai, Gwadar, and Faisalabad through CPEC projects. These SEZs have the potential to attract foreign investment, generate employment and boost key sectors like textiles, agriculture and manufacturing. The Government of Pakistan is placing greater emphasis on agro-based industries, including dairy farming, fruit processing and organic farming, which will create job opportunities and help curb urban migration. The Organic Bazaar, held every Saturday at Japanese Park in Islamabad, is another commendable initiative that allows farmers to sell their products directly to consumers. Expanding such markets across the country can further support local farmers and promote organic produce.

The Government of Pakistan is actively promoting vocational education to equip individuals with skills for employment and entrepreneurship. This initiative empowers people to start their own businesses, such as tailoring shops, online stores or agro-based ventures. Collaboration with Chinese firms under CPEC is also fostering apprenticeships and on-the-job training, particularly in the energy sector. While vocational training programs tailored for women in handicrafts, tailoring and tourism are helping them achieve financial independence.

Land-sharing initiatives, introduced by Litong Group of China (Red Chilli Group), Guard Rice and others are another key development. By adopting a collective economy model, these projects aim to drive economic growth and create sustainable opportunities across Pakistan.

To ensure the success of poverty alleviation programs, Pakistan must establish robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. By adopting China’s proven strategies—infrastructure development, industrialization, vocational education and collective economy- Pakistan can make significant strides in poverty reduction. With the support of CPEC and Chinese expertise, Pakistan has a unique opportunity to transform its economy and improve the lives of millions. However, success will depend on consistent efforts, effective implementation and a commitment to inclusive growth. By learning from China’s experience and tailoring these strategies to its own context, Pakistan can pave the way for a prosperous and poverty-free future.

End on a hopeful note: “With a population full of potential, Pakistan can rise to the challenge and achieve poverty alleviation, one policy at a time.”

The Writer is Sr. Manager ADM in Pak China Investment Company Limited (A_WAHEED789@YAHOO.COM)